Pakistan has expressed concern over the United States' recent approval to sell NASAM II to India. NASAMS is an abbreviation for the National/Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System. Aisha Farroqi, the spokesperson of the ministry of foreign affairs, was quoted as saying by an associated press of Pakistan, "The decision of United States will have a serious impact on the stability of the region." The $1.867 billion sales were greenlighted by the US earlier. Whit the IADWS, India plans to fortify its capital city, New Delhi, by erecting a multi-layer missile shield. The officials in the Indian Defence Ministry were quoted as saying by the Indian media in mid-2019, "The networked system, capable of even shooting around bildings, will take care of 9/11 like and other close-in threats."
Lets analysis, why Pakistan is worried by India acquiring NASAMS II from the US?
BACKGROUND
India is planning to have an Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS&) to protect the capital of India- New Delhi. The proposed multilayer arrangement will contains the following:
CAPABILITIES OF NASMAS II (OVERVIEW)
NASAMS is built by Raytheon Corporation and Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace. The Norwegian company Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace teamed up with Raytheon and initiated the NASAMS program as a cooperative effort for the Royal Norwegian airforce. The network-centric air defence system NASAMS was declared fully operational capable in 1998 but had an initial operational capability as early as in 1994/95. The Royal Norwegian airforce together with Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace conducted a mid-life update of NASMAS, called NASAMS II, and the upgraded version was first handed over to Royal Norwegian airforce in mid-2006. The major difference between the two versions is the use of link 16 on NASAMS II as well as a better ground radar. Full operation capabilities (FOC) was expected for 2007.
NASAMS II COMPONENTS
A complete NASAMS II battery consists of 12 missiles launchers (LCHR) (each one carrying 6 AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles), eight radars (AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel F1 improved Sentinel X band 3D radar), one fire control center (COTC), one electro-optical camera vehicle (MSP-500) and one Tactical Control Cell (TCC) vehicle. The mobile launcher is often deployed and remotely controlled up to 25 km or around 15.5 miles away from the fireside center. Each launcher can fire the 6 AMRAAMS in seconds against 6 different targets enabling multiple targets simultaneously engagements. Since 12 launchers are present with 6 missiles each, the system can target up to 72 targets simultaneously. The AM/MPQ-64 Sentinel could also be a 3-dimensional radar used to alert and queue short-range defense (SHOARD) weapons to the locations of hostile targets approaching their battlefront forces. It is an X-band range-gated, Pulse-Doppler radar system. The antenna uses phase-frequency electronic scanning technology, forming a pointy pencil beam covering large surveillance and track volume. The radar automatically acquires tracks, classifies, identifies and reports targets, including cruise missiles, UAVs, both rotary and fixed-wing aircraft. It uses a high resistance to electronic countermeasures (ECM) mounted on a towed platform, it can be positioned remotely from the rest of the unit, operated autonomously and communicate with the Fire Direction Center (FDC) via wind band fiber-optic link. It also can distribute its data over the SINCGARS radio network. The AMRAAM (AIM-120), was developed and is best referred to as an air-launched fire and forget missiles deployed on the F-16, F/A-18, F-22, Eurofighter, JAS-39 Gripen to call a couple of . NASAMS II uses the AIM-120C7. The AIM-120C-& development began in 1998 and included improvements in homing and greater range. AIM-120C7 incorporates an upgrade antenna, receiver, signal processor, and new software algorithm to counter new threats. The use of smaller system components created room for future growth.
ANALYSIS
Mutually assured destruction (MAD) may be a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy during which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and therefore the defender. It is supported the idea of deterrence, which holds that the threat of using strong weapons against the enemy prevents the enemies' use of these same weapons. A strategy may be a sort of Nash equilibrium during which, once armed neither side has any incentive to initiate a conflict or to disarm. This balance is going to be disturbed if any country is in a position to field a totally functional defence system which will defend against the enemy's missile. So, strong Indian missile defense will be decremental to Pakistan's missile arsenal. NASAMS II deal reinforces an ever-growing Indo-US defense partnership. The US said that the proposed sale will support the policy and national security of the US by helping to strengthen the US-Indian strategic relationship and to enhance the security of a serious defensive partner, "which continued to be a crucial force for political stability, peace and economic progress within the Indo-Pacific and south-Asia region."
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| NASAMS II MISSILE DEFENCE SYSTEM |
Lets analysis, why Pakistan is worried by India acquiring NASAMS II from the US?
BACKGROUND
India is planning to have an Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS&) to protect the capital of India- New Delhi. The proposed multilayer arrangement will contains the following:
- The outermost layer of the missile shield will contain a two-tier blastic missile defense (BMD) system developed by India's state-run DRDO. The two-tiered BMD system consists of Prithvi Air Defence which will intercept missile at an exo-atmosphere altitude of 50 to 80 km to 50 miles and ADD (Advanced Air Defence) missile for an interception at an endo-atmospheric altitude of up to 30 km or 19 miles. The BMD system uses the Swordfish radar. Swordfish is an Indian active electronically scanned array ((AESA) long-range tracking radar specifically developed to track Blastic Missiles. It can shoot objects as small as a cricket ball (3-inches in diameter) at a range of up to 500 miles or 800 km. As per reports, the process is going on to increase the range of radar to around 950 miles or 1500 km.
- The middle layer will be the Russian made S-400 system. S-400 Triumph is an anti-aircraft weapon developed by Russia's Almaz Central Design Bureau within the 1990s as an upgrade of the S-300 family. It has been in commission with the Russian soldiers since 2007. It is designed to defend against aircraft including 5th generation stealth fighters, bombers, AWACS, cruise missiles, and blastic missiles. The radar of S-400 features a range of around 600 km or around 370 miles. The main radar is complimented by target acquisition radar a number of which are touted to possess the power to detect fighter aircraft. S-4000 deploys multiple missiles to hide its strike envelop and may hit targets at a variety of up to 400 km or 230 miles. India has inked an affect Russia to urge 5 regiments of S-400, the contract is worth 5.5 billion USD. The delivery is expected to commence by the end of this year.
- The innermost layer of protection will be through NASMAS II.
CAPABILITIES OF NASMAS II (OVERVIEW)
NASAMS is built by Raytheon Corporation and Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace. The Norwegian company Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace teamed up with Raytheon and initiated the NASAMS program as a cooperative effort for the Royal Norwegian airforce. The network-centric air defence system NASAMS was declared fully operational capable in 1998 but had an initial operational capability as early as in 1994/95. The Royal Norwegian airforce together with Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace conducted a mid-life update of NASMAS, called NASAMS II, and the upgraded version was first handed over to Royal Norwegian airforce in mid-2006. The major difference between the two versions is the use of link 16 on NASAMS II as well as a better ground radar. Full operation capabilities (FOC) was expected for 2007.
NASAMS II COMPONENTS
A complete NASAMS II battery consists of 12 missiles launchers (LCHR) (each one carrying 6 AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles), eight radars (AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel F1 improved Sentinel X band 3D radar), one fire control center (COTC), one electro-optical camera vehicle (MSP-500) and one Tactical Control Cell (TCC) vehicle. The mobile launcher is often deployed and remotely controlled up to 25 km or around 15.5 miles away from the fireside center. Each launcher can fire the 6 AMRAAMS in seconds against 6 different targets enabling multiple targets simultaneously engagements. Since 12 launchers are present with 6 missiles each, the system can target up to 72 targets simultaneously. The AM/MPQ-64 Sentinel could also be a 3-dimensional radar used to alert and queue short-range defense (SHOARD) weapons to the locations of hostile targets approaching their battlefront forces. It is an X-band range-gated, Pulse-Doppler radar system. The antenna uses phase-frequency electronic scanning technology, forming a pointy pencil beam covering large surveillance and track volume. The radar automatically acquires tracks, classifies, identifies and reports targets, including cruise missiles, UAVs, both rotary and fixed-wing aircraft. It uses a high resistance to electronic countermeasures (ECM) mounted on a towed platform, it can be positioned remotely from the rest of the unit, operated autonomously and communicate with the Fire Direction Center (FDC) via wind band fiber-optic link. It also can distribute its data over the SINCGARS radio network. The AMRAAM (AIM-120), was developed and is best referred to as an air-launched fire and forget missiles deployed on the F-16, F/A-18, F-22, Eurofighter, JAS-39 Gripen to call a couple of . NASAMS II uses the AIM-120C7. The AIM-120C-& development began in 1998 and included improvements in homing and greater range. AIM-120C7 incorporates an upgrade antenna, receiver, signal processor, and new software algorithm to counter new threats. The use of smaller system components created room for future growth.
ANALYSIS
Mutually assured destruction (MAD) may be a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy during which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and therefore the defender. It is supported the idea of deterrence, which holds that the threat of using strong weapons against the enemy prevents the enemies' use of these same weapons. A strategy may be a sort of Nash equilibrium during which, once armed neither side has any incentive to initiate a conflict or to disarm. This balance is going to be disturbed if any country is in a position to field a totally functional defence system which will defend against the enemy's missile. So, strong Indian missile defense will be decremental to Pakistan's missile arsenal. NASAMS II deal reinforces an ever-growing Indo-US defense partnership. The US said that the proposed sale will support the policy and national security of the US by helping to strengthen the US-Indian strategic relationship and to enhance the security of a serious defensive partner, "which continued to be a crucial force for political stability, peace and economic progress within the Indo-Pacific and south-Asia region."
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